Conditions

Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer

Diagram of the human stomach with labels for esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, antrum, pylorus, lower esophageal sphincter, and pyloric sphincter. Includes an inset showing stomach wall layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.

What is it?

Oesophageal cancer affects the oesophagus (gullet), the tube carrying food from your mouth to your stomach. Gastric cancer affects the stomach itself. Both occur when abnormal cells grow in the lining of these organs.

How common is it?

Oesophageal and gastric cancer are not common cancers. Together they account for 2-3% of cancers in Australia. They are more common with increasing age.

What symptoms should you look out for?

The following symptoms should prompt assessment, particularly if new, persistent, or occurring together:

  • Difficulty or pain swallowing food, or food feeling like it's getting stuck — never ignore this, even if it occurs just once

  • Persistent indigestion or heartburn that is new, worsening, or not responding to usual treatment

  • Unintentional weight loss

  • Persistent nausea or vomiting

  • A feeling of fullness after eating only small amounts

  • Vomiting blood, or vomit/stool that looks like coffee grounds or is black and tarry

  • New reflux or indigestion symptoms appearing for the first time over the age of 55

If you notice any of these, you should arrange prompt assessment — most causes of these symptoms turn out to be benign, but they need to be checked properly.

What happens next — the pathway

If your symptoms warrant it, you'll usually be referred for an endoscopy (a camera test looking at the oesophagus and stomach), often arranged urgently. If this identifies anything of concern, a small tissue sample (biopsy) is taken, and further scans (such as CT) may follow. Each step is arranged as quickly as possible, so that if treatment is needed, it can start without unnecessary delay.

Diagram of esophageal carcinoma showing the trachea, esophagus, diaphragm, liver, stomach, and detailed cross-section of cancerous esophagus with yellow cancer cell clusters, narrow lumen, and esophageal wall layers.

Who's involved — the multidisciplinary team

Your care is coordinated by a team of specialists working together, rather than any one doctor alone:

  • GP — coordinates your initial assessment and referral, and remains a point of contact throughout

  • Gastroenterologist — performs endoscopy and biopsies, and helps establish the diagnosis

  • Surgeon — also performs endoscopy and diagnostic biopsies, assesses whether the cancer can be treated with surgery, and performs the operation if appropriate

  • Medical oncologist — oversees treatment with chemotherapy or other drug therapies, where needed

  • Radiation oncologist — oversees treatment with radiotherapy, where needed

This team meets to discuss each case and agree on the best treatment plan for your individual situation.

Diagram of stomach with labeled parts showing stages of stomach cancer, including esophagus, diaphragm, pylorus, duodenum, tumor, mucosa, submucosa, muscle, outer layer, and adjacent organ.

Summary

  • Oesophageal and gastric cancers are usually diagnosed with an endoscopy.

  • Swallowing difficulty, unexplained weight loss, or persistent new indigestion always warrant assessment.

  • Investigation is arranged promptly, step by step, to reach a diagnosis (or reassurance) as quickly as possible.

  • If treatment is needed, a coordinated team plans and delivers your care together.

If you have any questions or concerns about your symptoms, or have been diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer, please make an urgent appointment so I can progress your investigation and treatment planning.

For background on conditions that may require investigation with a gastroscopy, see Conditions and Procedures.

Next Step

A referral is required prior to your appointment. Call (03) 9923 8066 or email admin@shilton.net.au to arrange a consultation.